Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most common non-communicable diseases worldwide, affecting both developed and developing countries, including India. It is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as heart attacks and strokes, which account for nearly one-third of all deaths in the country.

In India, it is estimated that one in four adults has hypertension. However, only around 12% of those with high blood pressure have it under control. The latest data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) indicates that 21% of women aged 15 and above have hypertension, compared to 24% of men in the same age group. Alarmingly, only 12% of women and 9% of men have been diagnosed by a doctor or health professional as hypertensive on two or more occasions.

Hypertension, often referred to as a "silent killer," remains poorly controlled in India due to a lack of awareness, inadequate access to primary healthcare, and poor follow-up care. This is a major concern, as uncontrolled blood pressure is a significant contributor to cardiovascular diseases.

What is High Blood Pressure?

Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), with two numbers representing the pressure in the arteries:

• Systolic pressure (the upper number) measures the pressure when the heart beats.
• Diastolic pressure (the lower number) measures the pressure when the heart rests between beats.

A normal blood pressure reading is around 120/80 mm Hg. A reading of 140/90 mm Hg or higher is considered high, or hypertensive. If your blood pressure consistently measures 140/90 mm Hg or more on two or more occasions over the course of a week, you may be diagnosed with hypertension.

Symptoms of High Blood Pressure

One of the most insidious aspects of hypertension is that it often shows no symptoms. This is why it is referred to as the "silent killer." Many people with high blood pressure may not feel any different, making it crucial to get your blood pressure checked regularly, especially if you are at risk.

However, some individuals with uncontrolled hypertension may experience certain symptoms, including:

• Headache, with or without a sensation of heaviness in the head
• Fatigue or feelings of confusion
• Vision problems, such as blurred or double vision
• Chest pain
• Difficulty in breathing
• Dizziness or vertigo
• Blood in the urine
• Pounding or throbbing sensation in the chest, neck, or ears
• Loss of balance

The Importance of Awareness and Regular Monitoring

Given the serious health risks associated with hypertension, raising awareness about the condition is critical. Regular monitoring of blood pressure is essential for early detection and prevention of complications like heart disease and stroke. Unfortunately, many individuals remain unaware of their hypertension status due to a lack of symptoms, which highlights the need for regular health check-ups.

Remember: Know your numbers and take control of your health before hypertension takes control of you!

Happy Reading Everyone and Be Safe !!