Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, available without a prescription, are commonly used to treat conditions like colds, coughs, heartburn, constipation, diarrhea, and headaches. These medications can be purchased from pharmacies, online retailers, and convenience stores, and are generally safe if used as directed. However, certain groups, such as pregnant women, children, and individuals with co-morbidities like diabetes and hypertension, should always consult a doctor before taking any OTC medication.

Here are five essential rules to keep in mind when taking OTC drugs, especially antibiotics:

1. Always Read the Label

Carefully review the medicine label for details like active ingredients, expiry date, usage instructions, dosage strength, and cautionary notes. Ensure you understand how and when to take the drug.

2. Understand Side Effects

Check for package inserts that list potential side effects, drug interactions, and storage instructions. Verify that the packaging is intact and untampered to ensure the medicine’s safety.

3. Avoid Self-Medication

Do not self-medicate with OTC drugs for anything more than mild infections like a simple urinary tract infection, a mild respiratory infection, or minor skin issues. If you have chronic health conditions such as diabetes, cancer, or are immunosuppressed, consult a doctor before taking antibiotics. A medical professional will evaluate the need for antibiotics, select the appropriate type, route of administration (oral, topical, or injectable), and inform you about possible side effects and interactions.

4. Use Antibiotics Only When Necessary

Dr. Sanjith Saseedharan, Director of Critical Care at S.L. Raheja Hospital, emphasizes using antibiotics only when absolutely needed. Common antibiotics like Azithromycin and Doxycycline are often misused in India to treat colds and coughs, which are usually caused by viral infections that do not respond to antibiotics.

5. Avoid Incorrect Usage

Misusing antibiotics can lead to reduced effectiveness or antibiotic resistance. Unnecessary use may cause side effects such as gastrointestinal disturbances and alterations in the gut microbiome.

Steps to Follow When Taking OTC Antibiotics

• Inform Your Physician: Always notify your doctor if you’re taking OTC antibiotics, as they might interact with prescription medications or worsen underlying conditions. For example, NSAIDs like Diclofenac can pose a risk of kidney failure in patients with impaired kidney function.
• Monitor Your Recovery: If symptoms do not improve after a short course of OTC antibiotics, seek medical advice. Continuing ineffective treatment can lead to antibiotic resistance and other complications.

Remember, antibiotics are less potent without a prescription and may not fully address your health concerns. Seeking professional guidance ensures safe and effective treatment while preventing unnecessary risks.